As more companies in the U.S. lay off workers and the economy continues to experience high inflation despite higher interest rates, many people are wondering if the U.S. economy will head into a recession. Let's take a look at what happens to your savings in a recession and how to safeguard your finances.
What is a recession?
A recession is a term used to describe a significant decline in economic activity. A common rule of thumb to define a recession is when we see two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth. However, it is much more complex than that. Recessions are officially declared by eight economists from the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). According to the NBER, a recession is "a significant decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy and lasts more than a few months." The last time we were in a recession was during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, from February to April 2020.
When a recession occurs, there is a drop in the production of goods and services, unemployment rates rise, and the stock market declines. This can result in a decrease in consumer spending, which can worsen the situation. Recessions can last for a few months to several years and they can affect different countries and industries in different ways.
How does a recession affect your savings?
If you're someone who has saved diligently over the years, a recession can be a real punch in the gut. Here's what you should watch out for.
Savings interest rates decrease
When the economy is in a recession, interest rates tend to go down to promote borrowing, which can stimulate economic activity. Unfortunately, this means that the interest rates offered by banks, particularly on savings accounts, will drop too. In turn, it affects the amount of interest you earn on your savings. However, inflation also tends to be lower during a recession, so the value of your money is higher than when there is high inflation.
Stock market volatility
Investors who have put their money in the stock market are usually hit hard during a recession. During this period, the stock market usually experiences a lot of volatility as investors panic and offload their stocks, leading to a decline in the markets. Unfortunately, when the stock market is performing poorly, your investments may also be significantly affected, particularly if you have money in stocks or mutual funds.
Job security
Another risk associated with a recession is the potential loss of a job. When businesses are struggling financially, they may need to downsize their workforce or shut down altogether, which could leave you without a reliable income stream. Without income, you may need to dip into your savings to cover your expenses, which could deplete your savings much faster than you expect.
How to protect yourself in a recession
There are ways to protect your savings during a recession. Keep your savings in a high-yield savings account or certificate of deposit (CD). While the interest rates on CDs and savings accounts may not be high, they are generally safe and can provide some protection against inflation. However, it is important to remember that the FDIC only insures deposits up to $250,000 per depositor per insured bank. So, if you have more than $250,000 in savings, you may need to spread your deposits across multiple banks to ensure that they are all fully insured.
It is also important to have an emergency fund in place. During a recession, it is much more likely that you may lose your job or experience a decrease in income. Having an emergency fund with at least three to six months' worth of expenses can help you weather the storm without having to dip into your long-term savings.
To protect your savings from a market crash, focus on diversifying your investments across multiple asset classes. Consider investing in bonds, commodities, and other alternative investments that tend to perform well when the stock market is struggling. Additionally, don't trade frequently or try to time the market; take a long-term investment approach and focus on your goals.
Focus on paying off any existing debts you have as quickly as possible. If you do need to borrow to cover expenses, make sure to do so in a responsible manner, only taking on what you can afford to pay back in a reasonable time frame.
While recessions can be scary, there are steps you can take to protect your savings from their potentially negative effects. Remember to stay focused on your long-term goals and don't make emotion-based decisions in response to short-term market changes. By taking a proactive approach, you can safeguard your savings and come out on top.
These savings accounts are FDIC insured and could earn you 11x your bank
Many people are missing out on guaranteed returns as their money languishes in a big bank savings account earning next to no interest. Our picks of the best online savings accounts could earn you 11x the national average savings account rate. Click here to uncover the best-in-class accounts that landed a spot on our short list of the best savings accounts for 2024.
FAQs
Savings interest rates decrease
What happens to my cash in bank during a recession? ›
Your money is safe in a bank, even during an economic decline like a recession. Up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, is protected by the FDIC or NCUA at a federally insured financial institution.
What happens to my money in the bank if the economy collapses? ›
Your money will be secured in a bank account during a recession, but only if the bank is FDIC-insured. And if you bank with a credit union, your money is secured if the credit union is insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA).
How much cash should I have on hand during a recession? ›
Finance Experts All Say the Same Thing
They all said the same thing: You need three to six months' worth of living expenses in an easily accessible savings account.
What happens to my savings if the market crashes? ›
Your investment is put into various asset options, including stocks. The value of those stocks is directly tied to the stock market's performance. This means that when the stock market is up, so is your investment, and vice versa. The odds are the value of your retirement savings may decline if the market crashes.
Should I take my money out of the bank before a recession? ›
Should you take your money out of the bank during a recession? Probably not. You can withdraw savings to pay bills or reinvest as normal, but banks are somewhat recession-proof. Keep in mind, many banks are FDIC insured: your deposits are protected up to $250,000 per depositor, per bank.
Can you lose your savings in a recession? ›
Recessions can impact your savings in many different ways. Lower interest rates, stock market volatility, and potential job loss can drain your savings. Diversifying your investments, building an emergency fund, and opening a high-yield savings account can help protect your savings.
Should I pull my cash out of the bank? ›
Your money is safe in a bank with FDIC insurance. A bank account is typically the safest place for your cash, since banks can be insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. up to $250,000 per depositor, per insured institution, per ownership category.
Where is the safest place to put your money during a recession? ›
Investors often gravitate toward Treasurys as a safe haven during recessions, as these are considered risk-free instruments. That's because they are backed by the U.S. government, which is deemed able to ensure that the principal and interest are repaid.
Are people pulling money out of banks? ›
Who's pulling their money from traditional banks? In February and March, 29% of bank customers said they'd moved deposits from their primary bank in the last 90 days, according to J.D. Power as reported by Forbes. Younger consumers were far more likely to have pulled their money.
Cash. Cash is an important asset when it comes to a recession. After all, if you do end up in a situation where you need to pull from your assets, it helps to have a dedicated emergency fund to fall back on, especially if you experience a layoff.
How much cash can you keep at home legally in the US? ›
While it is legal to keep as much as money as you want at home, the standard limit for cash that is covered under a standard home insurance policy is $200, according to the American Property Casualty Insurance Association.
Why is cash king during a recession? ›
Balance sheet cash can be a lifeline to a business during a financial crisis when other forms of funding dry up. Meanwhile, having an ample emergency fund can sustain a household during an unexpected job loss or health crisis.
What is the best savings account during a recession? ›
A high-yield savings account will help you earn much more than the average rate of return, which means your money will work harder for you. Even if interest rates dip during a recession, a high-yield savings account will typically earn several times the national average for savings accounts.
What happens to my savings if my bank collapses? ›
If your bank fails, up to $250,000 of deposited money (per person, per account ownership type) is protected by the FDIC. When banks fail, the most common outcome is that another bank takes over the assets and your accounts are simply transferred over. If not, the FDIC will pay you out.
Can you lose all your 401k if the market crashes? ›
The worst thing you can do to your 401(k) is to cash out if the market crashes. Market downturns are generally short and minimal compared to the rebounds that follow. As long as you hold on to your investments during a bear market, you haven't lost anything.
Does cash lose value during recession? ›
Recessions are periods of widespread economic downturn. Cash, large-cap stocks and gold can be good investments during a recession. Stocks that tend to fluctuate with the economy and cryptocurrencies can be unstable during a recession.
Should I save cash before recession? ›
Take a look at your emergency fund. If you don't have much cash that you could use in the event of unexpected job loss, you might want to consider allocating any extra money toward your savings account instead of paying down that debt.
Where is the safest place to put money if banks collapse? ›
1. Federal Bonds. The U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve (Fed) would be more than happy to take your funds and issue you securities in return. A U.S. government bond still qualifies in most textbooks as a risk-free security.
Can the government take money from your bank account in a crisis? ›
The government can seize money from your checking account only in specific circ*mstances and with due process. The most common reason for the government to seize funds from your account is to collect unpaid taxes, such as federal taxes, state taxes, or child support payments.
